• The aforementioned experiments demonstrated the essential

  2018-10-22

  

  The aforementioned experiments demonstrated the essential roles of Dbr/Hh signaling in midgut homeostasis. Next, we examined the source(s) of Hh involved in this process. We determined hh expression by using an hh-lacZ enhancer and Hh antibody. A high level of Hh expression was found in the anterior

• histamine-2 receptor antagonist br Conclusions The following

  2018-10-22

  

  Conclusions The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Tomoki Todo and Nobuhito Saito of the University of Tokyo, Japan, for generously providing us with the TGS01 cells. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, for

• Dinitrophenol DNP is well known

  2018-10-22

  

  2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is well known to be cytotoxic at high concentrations. However, recent studies have demonstrated that at low micromolar, non-toxic concentrations, DNP has neuroprotective properties in a number of in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegeneration (reviewed in (De Felice and Fer

• br Conclusions br Author contributions br Acknowledgments

  2018-10-20

  

  Conclusions Author contributions Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Ruth Simon for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (NRF-2011-0017315) (JSK); and (NRF-2011-0030074) (GUB). I

• Thus the persistent muscle expression of full length dystrop

  2018-10-20

  

  Thus, the persistent muscle expression of full length dystrophin remains difficult to achieve currently. Since the discovery of satellite stem R406 cost and the difficulties met in maintaining their differentiation potential during in vitro culture, several promising alternative candidates for DMD c

• NT derived neuronal cells in vitro

  2018-10-20

  

  NT2 derived neuronal prostaglandin f2 alpha in vitro express a plethora of neuron-specific markers at both transcript and protein levels (Pleasure et al., 1992; Cheung et al., 1999; Megiorni et al., 2005; Couillard-Despres et al., 2008; Haile et al., 2014). Our results are roughly in line with prev

• For ESCs on the other hand we and others recently

  2018-10-20

  

  For ESCs, on the other hand, we and others recently established that single factors, such as neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) or neurogenin 2 (NGN2), alone are sufficient to rapidly induce the neuronal fate (Thoma et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013). In fibroblasts, however, we had origin

• Potential sources of NSCs include cell lines pluripotent ste

  2018-10-20

  

  Potential sources of NSCs include cell lines, pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs, and primary NSCs harvested from fetal or adult animals. Some immortalized NSC lines can engraft and migrate extensively (Snyder et al., 1995), but they may have unstable genomes or pose a risk of tumorigenesis (Koso et

• br Conclusions The following are the supplementary data rela

  2018-10-20

  

  Conclusions The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by The Danish Cancer Society (R.C. Grant number DP07024); Kgl. Hofbundtmester Aage Bang Fund (Grant number 55-07/08); Karen Elise Jensen Fund; Karen K

• AUY922 The current study demonstrates that extracellular ATP

  2018-10-20

  

  The current study demonstrates that extracellular ATP, released during passaging, binds to P2X7 allowing calcium influx which in turn correlated with initiation of dynamic blebbing through activation of the Rho pathway. The interplay between Rac and Rho determined whether AUY922 underwent dynamic bl

• Here we present an algorithm KeyGenes that we

  2018-10-20

  

  Here we present an algorithm, KeyGenes, that we have used on NGS data extracted from tissues of 21 different human fetal organs, both embryonic and extraembryonic (plus the maternal endometrium), from the first and second trimesters of development to determine a panel of classifier genes that would

• Introduction Human pluripotent stem cells hPSCs

  2018-10-20

  

  Introduction Human pluripotent stem heme oxygenase (hPSCs), i.e., human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), can give rise to functional neurons (reviewed in Gage and Temple, 2013). Human peripheral neurons are difficult to differentiate, but a recently pu

• In order to understand how hematopoiesis is regulated it is

  2018-10-20

  

  In order to understand how hematopoiesis is regulated, it is necessary not only to understand the different signals emanating from the niche (Anthony and Link, 2014), but also to comprehend the integration of these signals by HSCs. Canonical Wnt signaling has been related to the regulation of HSCs

• Next we attempted to correct the disease causing mutation in

  2018-10-20

  

  Next we attempted to correct the disease-causing mutation in a fibroblast line isolated from an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), caused by mutations in the gene encoding adenosine deaminase (ADA). SCID patients could particularly benefit from a one-step protocol that facilitates

• The NT formation and NESC to RGPCs

  2018-10-20

  

  The NT formation and “NESC-to-RGPCs” transition at the onset of neurogenesis are two fundamental events in the early developing purinergic receptor (Götz and Huttner, 2005). However, the developmental regulations are unclear due to being hard to definitely control the two stages. In this study, the

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