• No other lacZ mutant showed a marked difference in

  2022-03-16

  

  No other lacZ mutant showed a marked difference in mutation rate between fpg and fpg backgrounds (that is, rates were comparable between HS101 and CSH1191, HS102 and CSH1192, etc.). The number of reversion mutants was much higher in HS1194 than in any other fpg strain. The inclusion of the pTRC99a p

• The following are the supplementary data related to this art

  2022-03-16

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Author contribution Conflict of interest Introduction Thrombosis (arterial and venous) is a major cause of vascular obstructive diseases including myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism. Glycoprote

• Excessive extracellular glutamate can be removed from brain

  2022-03-16

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate can be removed from RG 7204 interstitial fluids to the blood plasma for the maintenance of proper extracellular glutamate homeostasis in the mammalian central nervous system [[5], [6], [7]]. The glutamate concentration in the blood plasma increases in case of ische

• br Introduction Depression is a prevalent and disabling

  2022-03-16

  

  Introduction Depression is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide, resulting in enormous personal suffering and public health costs [1]. Traditional antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake

• serine protease inhibitors Transient forebrain ischemia in r

  2022-03-16

  

  Transient forebrain ischemia in rodents induces a reduction in expression of mRNA encoding the AMPA receptor subunit GluR265, 66, 67, 68, 69 (Fig. 3). gluR2 mRNA expression is markedly reduced in the CA1 region (the serine protease inhibitors region most vulnerable to ischemia-induced damage), but

• reverse transcriptase inhibitors br Spatial working memory i

  2022-03-16

  

  Spatial working memory is GluR-A-dependent The radial maze task also allowed us to study hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. On spatial working memory tasks, the correct spatial response that the animal must make varies from trial to trial and is dependent on some conditional, trial-spe

• Young et al described the role of adenine

  2022-03-16

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• Sequences of hexokinases were initially deduced and

  2022-03-16

  

  Sequences of hexokinases were initially deduced and predicted based on cDNA clones (Andreone et al., 1989, Schwab and Wilson, 1989, Schwab and Wilson, 1991, Griffin et al., 1991, Thelen and Wilson, 1991). Analysis of genome sequence data identified, in A-366 to the 4 expected known hexokinase enzym

• The glucokinase protein sequence is most closely

  2022-03-16

  

  The glucokinase protein sequence is most closely related to the C-terminal domain of 100kD hexokinases, thus for glucokinase to evolve from a larger hexokinase ancestor it must have lost its N-terminal kinase domain. The genetic mechanism by which this occurred is currently unknown. Here we propose

• Receptors for glucagon Gcgr GLP Glp r and GLP

  2022-03-16

  

  Receptors for glucagon (Gcgr), GLP-1 (Glp1r), and GLP-2 (Glp2r) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to class B-1 (secretin receptor-like) family of GPCRs (Harmar, 2001, Fredriksson et al., 2003). The mammalian Gcgr, Glp1r, and Glp2r genes, together with the ubiquitin e3 ligase for the

• The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway a

  2022-03-16

  

  The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway as well as the associated mechanism have already been investigated in many tissues, especially in breast cancer (Chang et al., 2012, Katayama et al., 2006, Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Hitherto, even though we have proved that HH-Gli pathway pr

• Next we asked how a common

  2022-03-16

  

  Next, we asked how a common activation marker of fibroblasts, Acta2, defined gene expression signatures in alveolar airspaces by using Acta2-mKO1 reporter mice (Fig. 2A). In the lungs of Acta2-mKO1 mice, mKO1 was expressed in smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal cells in ryanodine (Fig. 2B). By sort

• ER 27319 maleate receptor Both preclinical and clinical stud

  2022-03-16

  

  Both preclinical and clinical studies have identified a distributed set of CNS nuclei that participate in cognitive control of feeding behavior. Preclinical studies that utilize restricted access feeding schedules (RFS) indicate that rodents learn to anticipate delivery of scheduled meals as indicat

• Photoincorporation of pTFDBzox AP occurred predominantly in

  2022-03-16

  

  Photoincorporation of 21-pTFDBzox-AP occurred predominantly in the β3 subunit, very modestly in the α1 subunit and not at all in the γ2 subunit. These observations taken together with the sensitivity of 21-pTFDBzox-AP enhancement of GABA currents to the α1 M1 mutation Q242 W4 suggest that the 21-pTF

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-03-16

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion In the present study, we attempted to unravel the mechanism underlying the statin-mediated inhibition of FGFR3 signaling in chondrocytes, reported earlier by Yamashita and colleagues. We evaluated the role of statins in four different experimental sys

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