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The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated n
2022-04-20
The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated nearly a century ago and later confirmed by isotope tracing methods [[22], [23]]. This biosynthesis of inositol involves three sequentially acting enzymes: Firstly, ATP-dependent glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) [[2
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cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracell
2022-04-19
cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic
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Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway
2022-04-19
Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful
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br Introduction Calorie restriction CR in
2022-04-19
Introduction Calorie restriction (CR), in the absence of malnutrition, has beneficial effects on Sodium Danshensu function, including reducing the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disease (Gräff et al., 2013), eliciting anti-depressant behavior (Lutter et al., 2008) and improving memor
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br Conflict of interest br
2022-04-19
Conflict of interest Transparency document Acknowledgements We acknowledge our funding sources from the American Heart Association (13EIA4480016) and the National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (RO1 HL094414). We are very grateful to Dr. Shaohua Xiao and Dr. S
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Isolation and application of cold
2022-04-19
Isolation and application of cold-adapted β-galactosidase in the production of low lactose dairy products would play a critical role in improving access to low lactose dairy products for lactose intolerant individuals [9,11]. Milk contains high levels of K+, Ca2+, and Na+, and β-galactosidase used i
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Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer CRC include
2022-04-19
Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) include high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, diabetes, and elevated serum levels of toxic bile acids (BAs) (de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013, Degirolamo et al., 2011, Downes and Liddle, 2008, Font-Burgada et al., 2016, Kuipers et al., 201
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The effects of FFAR and FFAR activation in different tissues
2022-04-19
The effects of FFAR1 and FFAR2 activation in different tissues have been reported in several species (Hara et al., 2014). Herein, we report the first evidence for differential expression of FFAR1 and FFAR2 during the peripartal period in the liver of dairy cows that differ in liver metabolism, based
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Although it is well documented that FAAH substrates
2022-04-19
Although it is well documented that FAAH substrates can elicit analgesic effects [for review see [47,48] and that systemic poly I:C administration induces mechanical allodynia in rats [14], to our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate that enhancing FAAH substrate levels can modulate TLR3
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Our results demonstrated that most of the HUA rings
2022-04-19
Our results demonstrated that most of the HUA rings incubated with 100 μM TBT do not have the capacity to contract in the presence of 5-HT or exhibit very low contractions in comparison to the control. Only 23.3% of the HUA rings were able to contract. These results seem to indicate that there may b
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annexin v Conflicting data concerning the involvement of H R
2022-04-19
Conflicting data concerning the involvement of H2R on glycaemia has also arisen. Its antagonism was reported to decrease [35], not affect [36], [37] and increase [38], [39] annexin v levels. In comparison, the clinical experience with antipsychotic drugs generated clearer evidence for the involveme
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ap15 synthesis br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments
2022-04-19
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Genentech DNA Sequencing, Biologics Resource, Oligo, FACS, and Bioinformatics groups for their help with the project. Our thanks to Craig Cumming and Sophia Maund for facilitating our access to large-scale mutation data. We als
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It has been demonstrated that HO inhibits the
2022-04-19
It has been demonstrated that HO-1 inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6 in response to sepsis [35], and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 [36,37]. An inverse association between HO-1 and iNOS has previously been described: the NO levels decline with increases
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Studies have demonstrated the paradoxical role of HO
2022-04-19
Studies have demonstrated the paradoxical role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis. At initial stages of carcinogenesis, it protects DNA by lowering the ROS-mediated mutational rate, but later, HO-1 promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation. One PDAC therapeutic strategy is to increase ROS production and
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In this new therapeutic era nucleic acid
2022-04-19
In this new therapeutic era, nucleic nox4 amplification tests (NAATs) remain critically useful. NAATs are recommended to detect HCV RNA in blood following initial serologic diagnosis of HCV infection, to distinguish between spontaneous resolution and progression to chronic infection [7]. In treatmen
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