• Enhanced arginase activity and the resultant decreases in L

  2024-07-30

  

  Enhanced arginase activity and the resultant decreases in L-arginine levels can also impair T cell mediated immune function and allow tumor growth by limiting the supply of L-arginine needed for the formation of cytotoxic levels of NO by iNOS [10]. Increased arginase expression/activity may also lim

• br Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is an aggressiv

  2024-07-30

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and malignant cancer detected in clinical practice, as it is the third key reason of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with > 800, 000 mortalities every year (Torre et al., 2015). Current treatments for HCC are surgical therapy, liver tra

• Previously we have detected the expression of APJ receptor

  2024-07-30

  

  Previously, we have detected the expression of APJ receptor on stomach projecting 5-Methoxy-UTP australia in DMV, in addition, icv administration of apelin-13 induced a remarkable c-Fos activation in those cells which were previously marked by a retrograde neuronal tracer fast blue (Birsen et al.,

• AP plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation

  2024-07-30

  

  AP-1 plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of MMP expression. The decoy technique allows the neutralization of AP-1 without any transfection reagents for cellular uptake that cause potential side effects or immune reactions. This energy-dependent transport mechanism of “naked” dODN is c

• nitric oxide inhibitor Intriguingly androgens may also have

  2024-07-29

  

  Intriguingly androgens may also have an indirect effect on AR gene expression through inhibition of the GATA2 transcription factor gene (He et al., 2014) (Table 1). Using ChIP-seq, GATA2 was found to bind to a regulatory element 5.5 kb upstream of the TSS of the AR gene and enhanced transcription, w

• br AR signaling and urothelial

  2024-07-29

  

  AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression As shown in other types of malignancies, such as prostate cancer cells, it has been documented that androgens induce AR expression and its nuclear translocation as well as ARE promoter activity in urothelial cancer cells (Chen et al., 2003, Izumi et 

• AMP activated protein kinase AMPK

  2024-07-29

  

  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key cellular energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis at the cellular and whole-organism level (Hardie et al., 2012). Functionally, the AMPK pathway sustains adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through activation of fatty TPPU oxidation and autoph

• Due to metabolic variations it is important to consider

  2024-07-29

  

  Due to metabolic variations, it is important to consider arginine metabolism and dependency in specific contexts to identify precise patterns. This is best illustrated for ASS: while ASS deficiency correlates with worse prognosis in sarcomas, ASS levels positively correlate with a poor prognosis in

• The PAS domains of AHR

  2024-07-29

  

  The PAS domains of AHR consist of two regions, PAS-A and PAS-B, which function as interfaces for dimerization with ARNT and for ligand binding, respectively [14]. Although both the bHLH and the PAS-A domains have been shown to be involved in dimerization with ARNT, a recent report suggests that only

• In chicken ovary the adiponectin

  2024-07-29

  

  In chicken ovary, the adiponectin gene was found to be mainly expressed in theca cells and is suggested to exert a paracrine or autocrine effect on ovarian steroidogenesis (Chabrolle et al., 2007). A limited number of studies have revealed the effect of adiponectin on ovarian steroidogenesis or its

• The theoretical calculations of ADME parameters molecular

  2024-07-29

  

  The theoretical calculations of ADME parameters (molecular weight (MW), log P, topological polar surface are (tPSA), number of hydrogen donors (nON) and acceptors (nOHNH), and volume) and DLS are presented in along with the violations of Lipinski’s rule. According to these data, all compounds (–) co

• In an attempt to complete the overview

  2024-07-29

  

  In an attempt to complete the overview of resistance mechanisms in Spanish codling moth populations, the aims of the present work were to assess the actual occurrence of AChE and kdr mutations in codling moth field populations from different pome fruit-growing areas of Spain, concurrently with the f

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of

  2024-07-29

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction RNA interference is a specific post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism within a cell via the transfection of microRNAs (miRNA), exogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) [1–3]. Transfection of shRNA can be done

• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases

  2024-07-29

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• br The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At

  2024-07-26

  

  The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th

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